ANCIENT ART (DB) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Antiquated ART (DB) - Essay Example The sculpture displays an immediate equalization of these traits between its privilege and left sides: the privilege planted and firm; the left bowed moving, falling behind as it pushes ahead certainly offering a further harmony between great (the right, or adroit, side) and abhorrence (the left, or evil, side). Polyclitus endeavor to blend these highlights happened as the climax of Hellenistic figure, for not just had the objective become to depict man as normally (the kallos, or lovely) as could reasonably be expected, yet in addition to catch the perfect genuineness of man (the eu, or great). The Augustus of Primaporta sculpture models itself on the Doryphoros for that accurate explanation, with barely any exemptions: Augustus is dressed, his correct arm raised and broadened, and the heaviness of this is balanced a little cupid riding a dolphin appended to the rear of the correct leg. Roman models during this period had proceeded with the act of depicting their subjects as normall y as could be expected under the circumstances be that as it may, sculptures of rulers are constantly admired. Augustus is constantly portrayed in his prime - in spite of his living into the sixties - and this sculpture specifically is displayed upon Polyclitus' work as it had been perceived as the most exact delineation of the perfect type of man. Polyclitus' work assumes the subject of man's structure - not the truth, however the perfect. All things considered, it's picture springs from the source of the craftsman's creative mind and probably looks somewhat like any single person. Conversely, the Augustus sculpture is undoubtedly proposed to be displayed from and to speak to the Augustus Caesar. However the duplication is purposeful, for the figures are intended to catch the inward character (ethos) of the subjects instead of an enthusiastic state (tenderness). Both bear practically indistinguishable controlled quiet articulations with pointedly characterized air temple and nose. The sculpture of Augustus is intended to depict its subject as the perfect man of his time; little marvel that it should display itself upon the perfect male figure of the Greeks. Greek sculptures were utilized for three principle purposes: to depict gods (which spoke to goals themselves), to speak to the dead as grave landmarks, or to take into account commissions for compositional or sanctuary ventures. Fanciful portrayals spoke to mental beliefs and regular subjects caught athletic goals; Greek figures were never proposed to depict reality. The Augustus of Primaporta was intended to depict the flawlessness of Augustus. The arm brought up in persuasive design was a pre-essential aptitude for any Roman lawmaker; the cuirass (breastplate) demonstrates the subjects military order. The cupid is in direct reference to Augustus guarantee to follow his genealogy back to Aeneas, while the scene on the cuirass shows both Rome's political predominance and perfect inclination. In this way does Augustus depict himself as carefully sticking to Roman qualities and conventions to harden his situation in the prevalent attitude. The Doryphoros endeavors to catch a specific pith of people. The Augustus of Primaporta, alternately, has a political plan. Augustus Caesar had been looking to remove himself from his

Pepsico Swot Analysis Essay Example for Free

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

Literature Program Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Writing Program Paper - Essay Example Instruction is one of the essential and basic exercises particularly for the preschool-matured youngsters (for example kids matured between 3 to 5 years) which offers various points of interest. As per the current day setting, the expanding pace of worldwide economy has brought about a significant accentuation upon the significance of training at the beginning time of the life of kids which empowers them to upgrade their human prudence alongside encouraging them to adapt to various natural and social variables. In view of the significance and vitality of training at the beginning period, this report means set up a compelling writing plan particularly for the preschool youngsters through distinguishing the advancement objectives which may empower to help the language, scholarly, character, social and good just as stylish and innovative improvement of the preschool age kids. ... A scope of formative exercises just as procedures will be executed so as to play out a smoothed out experiential learning (Childs Play Learning Center, 2011). The writing system will likewise include TV as the essential media which would communicate different activities of the writing program which would empower to draw network inclusion. Also, the guardians will be considered as a significant piece of this writing project to build the effectiveness of the preschool learning exercises. Distinguishing the Development Goals Language The language advancement exercises in the writing project will be centered around giving performing exercises which permit the preschool youngsters to successfully comprehend and build up their phonetic abilities. All together improve the capacity of the preschool kids the exercises will be performed freely for each age gathering. In addition, recounting stories will likewise be a viable movement which would empower the preschoolers to stay intrigued as to the learning procedure (Childs Play Learning Center, 2011). Scholarly Learning In request to improve the scholarly capacity of the preschoolers, it’s essential to watch in regards to how the youngsters will in general practice while doing any movement. As it tends to be seen that prevalently preschool kids learn through watching and doing different exercises without anyone else. Along these lines, the writing system will be centered around various subjective territories, for example, numbers, shapes and hues which may empower the preschoolers to upgrade their scholarly abilities (University of Illinois Board of Trustees, 2013). Character Development Personality improvement is

Barbara Ehrenreichs Pathologies of Hope Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Barbara Ehrenreichs Pathologies of Hope - Essay Example The reason for existing of Ehrenreich's exposition is to persuade her perusers that expectation is being advertised as a celebrated fix just for each inconvenience in contemporary society. She plans to decimate the fantasy that expectation is the way to joy. Ehrenreich contends that expectation has negative impacts and promoters a progressively practical disposition towards life. Ehrenreich’s analysis of expectation as an all inclusive solution forever is legitimate, yet her stand may not be material to each person. Ehrenreich completely proclaims, â€Å"I loathe hope.† She laments that the showcasing of expectation has become a significant â€Å"self-improvement industry† in America, with self improvement guides, life-improvement mentors and inspirational orator building up an expanding â€Å"Cult of Positivity.† Positive brain science takes on scholastic qualifications with the development of courses in rumored school grounds. Ehrenreich surrenders that the upkeep of an obviously uplifting demeanor is totally supportive of the benefit of social association. Nonetheless, she items to the mindlessness of sticking on to hopeful intuition, independent of the real gravity of the circumstance. She compares such ridiculous expectation as being withdrawn from the real world. She condemns the strain to clutch an uplifting disposition â€Å"whether or not it is defended by the genuine circumstances† (Ehrenreich). Ehrenreich brings up that even the scholastically credentialed positive analysts concede that â€Å"a solid portion of negative thinking† is essential for certain circumstances, for example, directing a plane. They additionally surrender that their standards don't make a difference to individuals living under outrageous states of pressure, for example, destitution of war. Ehrenreich stretches out these guides to different occasions, for example, vehicle driving and kid raising. She questions the legitimacy of studies which guarantee to demonstrate â€Å"the wellbeing upgrading impacts of positivity† and its commitment to bliss or accomplishment at the work environment.

The globalisation of trade Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The globalization of exchange - Literature audit Example For instance, Starbuck was one American organization which had coffeehouses basically in each side of America before the presentation of globalization. Since their tasks were immersed in America, they battled a great deal to discover enough space in America for development. Globalization helped them to extend their tasks to abroad nations. In short globalization helped worldwide or culturally diverse exchange to expand a great deal. Globalization of exchange brought numerous chances and difficulties. A few people contend that worldwide exchange helped nations to draw in progressively outside direct speculations with the goal that their economy began develop quickly. They refer to India and China like nations as guides to show how well a nation can use globalization openings. Indeed China restricted the â€Å"global monetary request, political request and the major worldwide establishments, for example, the IMF and the World Bank before the changes began in China† (Overholt, 20 05, p.3). In any case, they immediately understood the potential outcomes of worldwide exchange and globalization. It ought to be noticed that these two most vigorously populated nations on the planet have been battling for development before the presentation of globalization. Their immense populace size was a revile or hindrance before their battle for development. Be that as it may, globalization helped these nations to change over this populace boundary into a gift. At the end of the day, these nations are at present the suppliers of labor for worldwide market wherein labor lack is a major issue. â€Å"During 1997â€2005, China’s normal yearly development rate in genuine GDP was 8.9%. During the figure time of 2005â€2010, it was accepted that the PRC proceeded with its verifiable development pattern of 8.9% per year† (Mai et al, 2010, p.5). In addition, â€Å"the PRC’s sends out increment by about 46%and imports by about 45% comparative with their separ ate gauge levels in 2010†(Mai et al, 2010, p.7). As per Albert Keidel (2008), China’s economy will outperform that of the United States by 2035 and be twice its size by midcentury (Keidel, 2008). Indian economy additionally indicated comparative patterns during the most recent couple of decades because of globalization of exchange. The globalization of exchange has guaranteed the spot of worldwide. It has been proposed that the job of such firms is to produce riches, make work and increase the expectation of living in the nations wherein they work. In any case, pundits of globalization recommend that worldwide organizations regularly misuse physical assets and exploit work in nations where legitimate prerequisites might be less rigid than in their own nations. This paper fundamentally talks about this announcement giving contentions to and against the globalization of exchange, accepting India and China as significant models. Review of monetary development in India and China It is frequently said that worldwide riches is right now moving from the less intensely populated American and European locales to the more vigorously populated Asian district as a result of globalization. The above contention is by all accounts right when one would consider the financial statuses of India and China before the presentation of globalization. The way of life and per capita pay of Indians and Chinese individuals have expanded a ton in the previous hardly any decades. Additionally, joblessness issues in these nations were descended a great deal in the ongoing past. It ought to be noticed that universal

Best Writing Tips For an Essay Outline

Best Writing Tips For an Essay OutlineI am often asked what the best writing tips are for an essay outline. The short answer is to write something that is worthy of being done, then stick with it and write another draft if it's not right. The long answer is, I don't know what the best writing tips are for an essay outline, because a good essay outline is the product of many different things, one of which may be a good outline itself.The very first step in writing a self-reflection essay outline is deciding what purpose you want your essay to serve. This can be a big factor in what you write, because if you write something because you have a moral imperative or some kind of duty, you will probably end up either too heavy on the subject or not heavy enough. Do not focus on giving the impression that you have a duty or a need to write an essay, because in fact you do not, and also because most people who are just writing essays to help them to gain some measure of understanding will giv e an essay an entirely different purpose.Write an outline to begin with, because it is always useful to get an idea of what will be the contents of your final writing. If you start with an outline, this is the first stage in writing, where you look at the overall direction of your writing and what the points of emphasis will be.In any draft, you should ensure that you spend at least a couple of hours working out the substance of your essay, and if you get stuck at this stage, you can always move on to the next draft and try again. Do not be afraid to make errors in the first draft, even if they are in minor areas such as misspellings, the point is that you learn and make more progress in the long run, when you correct mistakes in the first draft, so take the time to fix the mistakes, and then proceed with the second draft.Another important part of writing an essay outline is ensuring that you make it sound clear and organized. Many students get caught up in the flow of their writing and this is the most likely reason that students who do not write well end up making errors. Writing an outline is very important, but it can take a great deal of work, especially if you have a lot of material to put in.The structure of your writing will come together quite naturally, however, with a little bit of practice. Try writing a short paragraph, then taking a couple of minutes to sort out your thoughts on each topic, and then putting them into a larger grouping, this is your very first draft of your essay outline.In the future, you will be able to tweak your essay outline if you find something you did not like, or there was a point that you changed your mind. Be very sure to put in all of your effort into your outline, even if it is only a couple of paragraphs, you will soon see how much it can make a difference to your final essay.

Bioethics Assignment Paper Legalized Euthanasia - 1100 Words

Bioethics Assignment Paper: Legalized Euthanasia (Research Paper Sample) Content: EuthanasiaRuben GarciaBerkeley CollegeAbstractEuthanasia is a controversial topic that is discussed all over the world as to whether it should be legalized or not. Nevertheless, some countries have legalized it such as Colombia. This study sought to establish the similarities and differences that exist between the countries that have legalized euthanasia and those that have not and a case of United States and Colombia was taken. It was established that Colombia differs from U.S in the sense that the national constitution of Colombia contains euthanasia laws contrary to Federal laws of U. S which do not have euthanasia laws. Also, in both countries controversy surrounds practice of euthanasia as it is opposed by different groups of people especially Catholics in both countries.IntroductionEuthanasia is a deliberate act of ending one's life with the aim of relieving pain in cases where the chances of life are too low, yet the person is undergoing acute pain (Muckart, 20 14). Euthanasia can occur in different ways. Another person may deliberately decide to end another person's life by injecting sedatives. Also, euthanasia may occur where a person withholds medication for a patient who cannot survive without the drugs. Similarly, euthanasia can occur where a patient consciously decides to die and asks a medical practitioner to help in executing euthanasia. Euthanasia could also occur when the person is unconscious or under the state of coma, and the doctor decides to terminate their life without their consent (Mysticetes, 2016). Euthanasia should be distinguished from physician aid in dying (PAD). While euthanasia a third party or the physician is involved in causing the death of the patient, PAD involves the patient self-administering the lethal dose at a time he or she decides. Euthanasia has been a highly debated topic in the last few years with the case of 14-year Chilean girl who was suffering from cystic fibrosis touching the hearts of many whe n she posted a video on YouTube requesting the president to grant her permission for euthanasia (YouTube, n.d). Many cultures disagree with the practice of euthanasia which has seen this practice only legalized in very few countries such as Holland, Colombia, Luxembourg, and Belgium. Under different circumstances in different countries, euthanasia may be considered manslaughter punishable by law. This paper is going to compare and contrast perceptions of two countries on euthanasia; United States of America and Colombia with the aim of establishing how countries differ on this issue. Since euthanasia is all illegal in U.S, assisted suicide shall be discussed in this paper as well as euthanasia. Assisted suicide is closely related to euthanasia and sometimes confused and therefore this paper will shade more light by looking at the way in which both are perceived in U.S and Colombia.In the United States of America, euthanasia is illegal and whoever practices is considered to have brea ched the legal justice. However, assisted suicide is allowed in five states; California, Montana, Washington, Vermont and Oregon. In spite of euthanasia being illegal, there have been numerous cases of patients suffering from terminal illnesses calling for the legalization of assisted suicide and most of them have had to travel to any of the five states to have their lives terminated (Steck et al. 2013). An example of such a case involved Brittany Maynard, a 29-year-old diagnosed in 2014 with a terminal brain tumor that would kill her in less than six months according to the doctor. Brittany would not withstand the pain and seek assisted suicide in her nearby state (Cohen-Kurzrock, 2016). On the contrary, euthanasia is legal in Colombia. Many cases of the terminally ill patient have been reported to have applied for euthanasia and their will granted. An example is the 79-year old man who was suffering from throat cancer and opted for euthanasia on July 2015 (Sanz-Rubiales, 2016). Al so, U.S differs with Colombia since assisted suicide is illegal in Colombia while is legal in some states of U.S.Some states in U.S allow assisted suicide but not euthanasia because of certain motives. In this states, for example Oregon, it is indicated in the laws that people who have chances of living in less than six months can be legible to chose to end their life. It also states that the patient should consciously apply for the assisted suicide and that he or she takes the drugs to end the life but should not be administered by a physician. Oregon argues that assisted suicide is preferred because the patient has applied with consent and ends the life individually without involving the physician physically unlike euthanasia which the physician is physically involved in administering the drug. In Colombia, assisted suicide is not allowed because it is believed that a patient may apply to end life because of being desperate or when the quality of care is too low yet could not have applied for assisted suicide if he or she had received better care. Euthanasia is legal and preferred because it involves the conscious evaluation of the physician before prescribing for the patient and therefore it will only be granted when the chances of survival are too low.In the U.S both the Federal government and the fifty states plus the District of Columbia prohibit euthanasia as stipulated in the homicide laws. The Federal government completely lacks the assisted suicide laws which are present in the five state laws that allow assisted suicide. Assisted suicide laws guide the physicians on how assisted suicide should be administered to avoid euthanasia which can lead to legal justice (Steck et al. 2013). On the contrary, Colombia has the euthanasia laws outlined in the national government's constitution. The laws on euthanasia were passed in 1997 but had not been practiced until May 2015 when a woman suffering from cancer submitted a request in the Court of law that analyz ed the request and made euthanasia mandatory by all physicians in Health Ministry (Sanz-Rubiales, 2016).In both U.S and Colombia, euthanasia faces huge controversy. Despite the fact that euthanasia is illegal in the U.S, a study shows that in every ten people, seven of them support euthanasia. This can be reflected in the number of patients running from their states into other states seeking assisted suicide. According to statistics gathered from Oregon State, it is noted that cases of assisted suicide have been rising steadily at a rate of 0.2% annually since the Death with Dignity Act was passed in 1994 (Emanuel, 2016). Much of the controversy in euthanasia in U.S is caused by religion and culture. Most religions in U.S such Catholics and Islam fiercely disagree with euthanasia or assisted suicide terming it unethical as far as the sanctity of life is concerned. Catholics are on the front line in opposing any form of euthanasia citing Biblical verses that show how euthanasia could be disobedience to God's commands. In the case of Brittany mentioned earlier, the catholic leaders came out to strongly oppose her move terming it absurd and too hasty.Similarly, in Colombia euthanasia, though legal, still faces controversy from different groups of people. When the euthanasia laws were passed in 1997, so many people came out to discriminate the laws including religious groups as well as the medical practitioners who feared to implement such laws. Despite passing it into law, it was not implemented until 2015 when the Constitutional Court ordered the Health Ministry to implement the laws following a request by a woman suffering from cancer. This was when the controversy re-emerged with the doctors criticizing the command. Doctors feared euthanasia as they view as if they will have been involved in causing death which is against their wish. Religious groups such as the Catholics came out boldly to oppose the move threatening to shut down their hospitals if the practi ce was to be conducted (Nicol, 2015).In both U.S and Colombia, those who argue for euthanasia base their arguments on the principle of autonomy which indicates that people act intentionally based on their understanding and should not be controlled. In medicine, patients should be allowed to make independent decisions and the physician should create conditions that enable autonomous decisions by the patient. People argue that with respect to euthanasia, the physician is allowed to help the patient in creating conditions for decision making which involves advising on the doses for ending life during terminal illness and suffering. They also believe that denying the patient right to end life is controlling or interfering with self determination which is against the principle of autonomy.

Down Syndrome Characteristics

Down Syndrome is named after John Langdon Down, an English Physician who first described the set of characteristics that have long been associated with the genetic abnormality. The chromosomal aberration is an additional full or partial copy of the 21st chromosome which causes a change in the developmental arch of the organism (child) and therefore the developmental differences.   There is no definite cause for the presence of Down Syndrome than the random presence of this mutation.   There is a higher incidence of Down Syndrome births to mothers as their age increases, but there is no familial or genetic component. Physical Traits Short stature:   Often a child can be diagnosed based on the ratio of length and width of the bones in the finger.   Adult males average a height of five foot one inch and adult females average four foot eight inches.    The stature issue is also reflected in difficulty with balance, short, broad fingers and hands and later motor.    A Flat Nasal Ridge: a flattening of the face and large tongue often contribute to sleep apnea.    Wide Spread Feet:   Students with Down Syndrome usually have an extra large space between their big and second toes.    This creates some challenges for coordination and mobility.    Neurological Traits Intellectual deficits:   Children with Down Syndrome have mild (IQ or Intelligence Quotient of 50 to 70) or moderate (IQ of 30 to 50) intellectual disabilities, although a few have severe intellectual disabilities with an IQ from 20 to 35.    Language:   Children with Down Syndrome often have stronger receptive (understanding, comprehension) language than expressive language.   In part, it is because the facial differences (flat nose ridge and a thick tongue, often attached to the bottom of the mouth and requiring a simple surgery).    Children with Down Syndrome are capable of making intelligible language, but require speech-language therapy and lots of patience in order to master articulation.    Their physical differences create articulation challenges, but children with Down Syndrome are often anxious to please and will work hard to create clear conversation. Social Traits Unlike other disabilities such as Autism Spectrum Disorders which create difficulties with social skills and attachment, children with Down Syndrome are often enthusiastic to engage other people and are very social.   This is a reason that inclusion is a valuable part of a child with Down Syndromes educational career. Students with Down Syndrome are often very affectionate, and may benefit from social training that includes helping students identify socially appropriate and inappropriate interactions. Motor and Health Challenges Weak gross motor skills and a tendency of parents to isolate their children may lead to long-term health problems, including obesity and a lack of aerobic and gross motor skills.   Students with Downs Syndrome will benefit from physical education programs that encourage aerobic activity.   As children with Down Syndrome age, they will have health challenges related to their physical difference.   They are prone to arthritis due to the skeletal stresses related to their short stature and their low muscular tone. They often do not get enough aerobic education and can often suffer from heart disease.   Co-Morbidity Often students with disabilities will have more than a single (primary) disabling condition.   When this occurs, it is referred to as Co-Morbidity.   Although some sort of co-morbidity is common in all disabilities, some disabilities are more likely to have co-morbid pairs.   With Down Syndrome, it can include schizophrenia, depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Being attentive to the symptoms is essential to providing the best sort of educational support.

Down Syndrome Characteristics

Down Syndrome is named after John Langdon Down, an English Physician who first described the set of characteristics that have long been associated with the genetic abnormality. The chromosomal aberration is an additional full or partial copy of the 21st chromosome which causes a change in the developmental arch of the organism (child) and therefore the developmental differences.   There is no definite cause for the presence of Down Syndrome than the random presence of this mutation.   There is a higher incidence of Down Syndrome births to mothers as their age increases, but there is no familial or genetic component. Physical Traits Short stature:   Often a child can be diagnosed based on the ratio of length and width of the bones in the finger.   Adult males average a height of five foot one inch and adult females average four foot eight inches.    The stature issue is also reflected in difficulty with balance, short, broad fingers and hands and later motor.    A Flat Nasal Ridge: a flattening of the face and large tongue often contribute to sleep apnea.    Wide Spread Feet:   Students with Down Syndrome usually have an extra large space between their big and second toes.    This creates some challenges for coordination and mobility.    Neurological Traits Intellectual deficits:   Children with Down Syndrome have mild (IQ or Intelligence Quotient of 50 to 70) or moderate (IQ of 30 to 50) intellectual disabilities, although a few have severe intellectual disabilities with an IQ from 20 to 35.    Language:   Children with Down Syndrome often have stronger receptive (understanding, comprehension) language than expressive language.   In part, it is because the facial differences (flat nose ridge and a thick tongue, often attached to the bottom of the mouth and requiring a simple surgery).    Children with Down Syndrome are capable of making intelligible language, but require speech-language therapy and lots of patience in order to master articulation.    Their physical differences create articulation challenges, but children with Down Syndrome are often anxious to please and will work hard to create clear conversation. Social Traits Unlike other disabilities such as Autism Spectrum Disorders which create difficulties with social skills and attachment, children with Down Syndrome are often enthusiastic to engage other people and are very social.   This is a reason that inclusion is a valuable part of a child with Down Syndromes educational career. Students with Down Syndrome are often very affectionate, and may benefit from social training that includes helping students identify socially appropriate and inappropriate interactions. Motor and Health Challenges Weak gross motor skills and a tendency of parents to isolate their children may lead to long-term health problems, including obesity and a lack of aerobic and gross motor skills.   Students with Downs Syndrome will benefit from physical education programs that encourage aerobic activity.   As children with Down Syndrome age, they will have health challenges related to their physical difference.   They are prone to arthritis due to the skeletal stresses related to their short stature and their low muscular tone. They often do not get enough aerobic education and can often suffer from heart disease.   Co-Morbidity Often students with disabilities will have more than a single (primary) disabling condition.   When this occurs, it is referred to as Co-Morbidity.   Although some sort of co-morbidity is common in all disabilities, some disabilities are more likely to have co-morbid pairs.   With Down Syndrome, it can include schizophrenia, depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Being attentive to the symptoms is essential to providing the best sort of educational support.

Reason Of Youth Violence - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1893 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Youth Violence Essay Did you like this example? According to the data found on the website (Violent Video Games- ProCon.org 2018) sixty percent of Americans play video games. Twenty-eight percent of gamers are under 18 years old and they contribute to the $21.53 billion-dollar U.S. gaming industry (Violent Video Games- ProCon.org 2018). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Reason Of Youth Violence" essay for you Create order Video games depicting violence make up 50 percent of the top-selling video games sold today(Violent Video Games- ProCon.org 2018). These video games have been blamed for school shootings, and a rise in bullying. The debate is not new, and dates back to as early as 1976(Violent Video Games- ProCon.org 2018). Proponents contend   that violent video games contribute to desensitization, increased bullying, and aggressive behaviors in children. Opponents disagree and have confidence that these games give a safe place to express anger, and aggressiveness, and that playing these games lead to lower crime rates. This raises the question: Do violent video games contribute to an increase in violence in youth? The major perspectives on whether violence in video games contributes to an increase in violent behaviors, and actions are; The American Psychological Association (APA), The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), President Trump, other politicians, game industry leaders, and expert resea rchers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  This issue is not a new one to the population. This debate has been a hot topic of interest for 32 years. It started in 1976 with the release of the game Death Race (Violent Video Games- ProCon.org 2018). The object of this game was to run over gremlin-like figures with a car. The argument began because of the similarities to people that these creatures mimicked. Reports were also circulated that the real title of the game was Pedestrian. It was only when protestors went to the extreme of physically destructing these games that they were no longer in production   (Violent Video Games- ProCon.org 2018). Fast- forward to 1993, and the release of the popular fighting game Mortal Kombat. Again, the public was outraged at the level of violence portrayed in the game. This led Congress to conduct senate hearings on controlling the sale of these violent games. In the weeks prior to these hearings Senator Lieberman, and childrens television icon, Captain Kangaro o conducted a press conference to condemn these violent games.   Fear of these impending regulations directed the video game industry to create the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) in 1994(Fulton, 2015). It wasnt until 1999 in the days following the Columbine Massacre that all of society was in total agreement with each other that there was a definitive connection between violent video games , and mass shootings. It was reported that the teenagers that that opened fire at Columbine High School were avid players of the first-person shooting game Doom. This was the critical starting point where many individuals became more aware of the issues surrounding the games, and crusaded to end video game violence(Disis, 2018). In the response to this mass shooting Senator Jeff Sessions blamed the negative influence of movies, media, music, and violent video games. They are able to hook into the Internet and play video games that are extraordinarily violent, that cause the blood pre ssure to rise and the adrenaline level to go up, games that cause people to be killed and the players to die themselves. It is a very intense experience.(Cherkis, 2013). In 1995 New York Senator Hillary Clinton proposed a bill that would criminalize selling M rated and Adults only games to minors, stating that these games were a silent epidemic of desensitization (Violent Video Games- ProCon.org 2018). The bill did not pass. Many subsequent efforts at the state level were also denied. In the aftermath of the Parkland, FL school shooting, an article posted on abcnews.com cited that President Trump feels that there may be a need for imposed reforms for the gaming industry in regard to video game violence(Phelps/abc news, 2018).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many scientific studies, and experiments have been conducted throughout the years to determine of there is a link between violence in video games, and increased violence in children, and teenagers. A study conducted in   2014 concluded that 90% of pediatricians agreed that violence in video games can increase aggressive behaviors in children, and 67% of parents concurred with this perspective(Violent Video Games- ProCon.org, 2018). The American Academy of Pediatrics released a policy statement claiming that there is a proven connection between virtual violence, and real-world aggression(Virtual Violence, 2016). In 2017 The American Psychological Associations task force on violent media concluded that although there is a definitive link between violent video games and increased aggression, there is no sufficient evidence to link these games to violent criminal behavior (APA, 2013). Over 130 studies, and experiments have been conducted all over the globe, and there have been over 130,000 participants within these studies. Many researchers, and doctors agree and believe there is a direct causal link. Brad Bushman a psychology and communications professor at Ohio State University believes that the evidence found from the many studies is clear, and there is a direct link between the games and increased aggressive behaviors in children. He not only claims that they lead to an increase in aggressive thoughts, angry feelings, physiological arousal, including increased heart rate, and aggressive behavior, but also a decrease in empathy for others (Association for Psychological Science, 2011). Douglas Gentile a developmental psychologist at Iowa State University agrees with Bushman and states the psychological science on the link between the games and increased aggression still holds up.   He believes that parental involvement and setting limits on their childrens video game use is the best way to protect them overall (Association for Psy chological Science, 2011). Many of these studies have concluded that a decrease in empathy is linked to video games depicting violence. A study published by the APA concluded that exposure to violent media led to decreased empathy, and positive social behavior ( Violent Video Games- ProCon.org, 2018). Prominent Psychologist, and researcher Jeanne B. Funk PhD, and other notable members of the Department of Psychology at the University of Toledo conducted a study consisting of 150 fourth and fifth graders, and the effect violent media has on empathy, and prosocial behaviors. This study found that video games are the only form of media that is linked to a decrease in empathy (Funk, Baldacci, Pasold, Baumgardner, 2004, pp.22).   An increase in mass school shootings done by teenagers has been a focus of this debate in the last 20 years. According to an article published in USA Today online, as of February 2018 there have been 25 fatal school shootings in the Untied States since Columb ine in 1999(Diebel, 2018).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many psychologists, medical professionals, and game industry leaders disagree that there is a definitive link between video games and increased aggressive behavior, and violence. Many believe that video games are only a small influential factor in the potential for real world violence. Many argue that there is a lack of supporting evidence indicating a prevalence of past physical abuse, and psychological issues with participants of the studies. Information published by The Entertainment Software Association (ESA) published data that shows the difference in video game popularity, and crime rates. Data depicted on a graph produced by the ESA shows a steady rise in video game sales from 1998-2015, but also shows a significant decline in reports of violent crimes during this time period (Entertainment Software Association, 2015). This data leads many to contend that video games have a positive effect on teenagers aggressive behaviors and gives them a safe out let to release negative emotions. Christopher J. Ferguson PhD, and associate professor at Stetson University published a paper stating that the results of   The Hitman Study suggest that video games help with mood management, and lead to a decrease in depression, and hostile behaviors(Ferguson, Rueda, 2010). There is a general consensus of game developers, creators, founders, and designers that claim that not only is there no link to an increase in violence, but there is evidence supporting a positive outcome from playing these games. Co- founder of Liquid Entertainment Ed del Castillo feels that games allow players to lessen their aggression by providing an outlet on the screen, instead of in the real world(Fisher, 2013). There are many that argue that video games are not the most important contributing factor when it comes to an increase in aggressive behaviors, and real-world violence. Patrick Markey a professor of psychology at Villanova University in Pennsylvania contends th at recent studies show video games a tiny influential factor on aggression, and real life violence. In an article published in Healthday Markey stated, This suggests that less than 1 percent of the variance in aggression [among kids] is explained by exposure to video game violence. This is an itty-bitty effect. (Norton, 2018).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many perspectives on the issue surrounding the link between violence in video games and real-life violent acts. There have been many studies, and experiments done to determine if there is a link between the two. Although studies have shown a link to these games, and increased aggression, there is no conclusive evidence linking this to real-world violent acts. It is important for us to weigh all the data compiled from the many studies conducted throughout the last 20 years, and gain perspective on this critical debate. By doing so we can become better educated and help to come up with a solution to the occurrence of violence committed by youth in our society. References (2013, August 13). APA review confirms link between playing violent video games and aggression. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/violent-video-games.aspx Association for Psychological Science. (2011, June 28). Whats the psychological effect of violent video games on children? Retrieved from https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/whats-the-psychological-effect-of-violent-video-games-on-children.html Cherkis, J. (2017, February 3). Jeff Sessions blamed culture, not guns, for Columbine massacre. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/jeff-sessions-guns-columbine_us_5894d54de4b0c1284f25dd10 Diebel, M. (2018, February 15). Fox News anchor Shepard Smith emotionally lists all 25 fatal school shootings since Columbine. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/02/15/fox-news-anchor-shepard-smith-emotionally-lists-all-25-fatal-school-shootings-since-columbine/340108002/ Disis, J. (2018, March 8). The long history of blaming video games for mass violence. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2018/03/08/media/video-game-industry-white-house/index.html Entertainment Software Association. (2015). Essential facts about games and violence. Retrieved from https://www.theesa.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/EFGamesandViolence.pdf Ferguson, C. J., Rueda, S. M. (2010). The Hitman Study. European Psychologist, 15(2), 99-108. doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000010 Fisher, M. (2013, April 8). Game creators are in the eye of the video-game storm. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/game-creators-are-in-the-eye-of-the-video-game-storm/2013/04/08/16e2c976-8cd3-11e2-9838-d62f083ba93f_story.html?utm_term=.ddc0a2952f61 Fulton, W. (2015, April 16). How Mortal Kombats gruesome fatalities led to video-game ratings | Digital Trends. Retrieved from https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/how-mortal-kombats-gruesome-fatalities-led-to-video-game-ratings/ Funk, J. B., Baldacci, H. B., Pasold, T., Baumgardner, J. (2004). Violence exposure in real-life, video games, television, movies, and the internet: is there desensitization? Journal of Adolescence, 27(1), 23-39. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.10.005 Keim, B. (2013, February 28). What science knows about video games and violence. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/what-science-knows-about-video-games-and-violence/ Norton, A. (2018, October 1). More evidence video games may trigger aggression in kids. Retrieved from https://consumer.healthday.com/mental-health-information-25/child-psychology-news-125/more-evidence-video-games-may-trigger-aggression-in-kids-738216.html Phelps/abc news, J. (2018, March 8). Trump turns spotlight on violent video games in wake of Parkland shootings. Retrieved from https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-turns-spotlight-violent-video-games-wake-parkland/story?id=53593714 Violent Video Games ProCon.org. (2018, July 9). Retrieved from https://videogames.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=003627 Virtual Violence. (2016, August 1). Retrieved from https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/138/2/e20161298

The Dilemma Of Moral Responsibility From A Universe With...

Frankfurt distinguishes between acting freely and having a free will. Are both of these compatible with determinism? How does our freedom relate to causation? In this essay, I will initially address an incompatibilist approach towards free will and decipher why it is illogical and contradictory. In turn, I will address why Frankfurt’s definitions regarding freedom of action and free will is more appropriate and evaluate why they are both synonymously compatible with determinism. Following on from this, I will evaluate the paradoxical dilemma of moral responsibility entailed from a universe with causal law and freedom. I will utilise Frankfurt’s theory in demonstrating how a deterministic universe employing a single causal effect chain does not necessarily impede on our freedom and moral accountability. In order to effectively approach the question of free will and determinism being compatible or not, we must extend the question towards their respective definitions. The task is then to surmise an appropriate definition of free will and what it means to possess it and finally, if it aligns with the causal laws defined by determinism. The proposition of determinism follows the notion that everything is a predisposed chain of cause and effect. This entails that all occurrences in the world are a part of a linear sequence, with each event or action being an inevitable consequence of previous events. Incompatibilism is the branching notion that it is illogical to believe in bothShow MoreRelatedEssay on Ayer, A.J. Freedom and Necessity.972 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy 1301. 1002 Ayer, A.J. â€Å"Freedom and Necessity.† In the following paper I will talk about A.J. Ayer’s â€Å"Freedom and Necessity,† and I will explain the dilemma of determinism and Ayer’s compatibilist solution to it. I will explain some of the examples Ayer uses to explain the difference between cause and being constrained, and how both affect one’s free will. 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A positivistic quantitative researcher believes that in the universe â€Å"things exist as meaningful entities independently of consciousness and experience† (Crotty, 1998, p. 5). The world view of an objectivist â€Å"revolves around the ontological assumption that the social world external, to individual cognition is a realRead MoreUnifying Principles of10026 Words   |  41 Pages One or more of these courses is generally among the eight to ten required/core courses in a bachelors or masters degree in business. These management courses draw from a wide variety of sciences, including psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and systems theory. 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Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction

A Project Management Approach To Planning - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the AProject Management Approach To Planning. Answer: Freds shed Construction A budget has to be prepared for construction of a shed for presenting it to the project steering committee. Mr. Jones wants Fred Smith to develop a shed with a cost of approximately, $40,000. According to the specifications given by Mr. Jones, a project budget has been prepared by considering the best quality materials for the project. The size of the shed to be prepared is considerably large as it should accommodate to store tractors, utility, vehicles and should include spaces for a workbench, tools and fertilizers. The project work should commence within six weeks and therefore, estimated date of project initiation is taken as 20th February 2018. Me. Jones has made it clear that he needs the whole work to be completed within 3 weeks and therefore, the date of project completion is roughly estimated to be 20th March 2018. The budget for the whole project work has been prepared considering the salary of all the project team members and the construction workers. The site preparation is a crucial step of the shed construction as it involves proper survey of the site and locating the boundaries of the site properly. A proper project management methodology is to be followed for planning, designing and completion of the project. The detailed budget and work breakdown structure of the project is elaborated in the following table. Freds Shed Work Breakdown Structure Task Number/ ID Task Description Predecessor relationship (sequence) Time Resource Names Cost 0 Shed Construction 20.63 days $39,885.00 1 Project starts 0 days Contractor Fred $0.00 2 Requirement selection and Planning 0.88 days $2,160.00 2.1 Inspection of the site 1 2 hrs Contractor Fred $480.00 2.2 Meeting with Mr. Jones for selection of color and style of the shade 3 1 hr Contractor Fred $240.00 2.3 Documenting the requirements 4 2 hrs Contractor Fred $480.00 2.4 Estimating the materials required 4 2 hrs Contractor Fred $480.00 2.5 First installment of the payment receiving 6 2 hrs Contractor Fred $480.00 3 Shed Designing 2 days $2,440.00 3.1 Analyzing the requirements 3 5 hrs Contractor Fred $1,200.00 3.2 Designing the shade on basis of the place available 9 10 hrs Designer Karen $1,000.00 3.3 sharing the design with Mr. Jones 10 1 hr Contractor Fred $240.00 3.4 design Approval by Mr. Jones 11 0 hrs Contractor Fred ,Designer Karen $0.00 4 Site Preparation 7.25 days $7,710.00 4.1 Underground Cable Service Check 12 10 hrs Construction Workers $250.00 4.2 locating existing boundaries 12 4 hrs Surveyor $200.00 4.3 site clearance 15 20 hrs Construction Workers $500.00 4.4 Establishment of temporary site facilities 16 24 hrs Contractor Fred $5,760.00 4.5 Building the framework 17 10 hrs Designer Karen $1,000.00 5 Implementation 6.38 days $17,340.00 5.1 start of excavation work in the site 18 0 hrs Construction Workers $0.00 5.2 Booking of council inspection 20 1 hr Council Inspector $100.00 5.3 booking the concrete truck 20 1 hr Concrete truck [1] $5,000.00 5.4 setting dates for shed installation and power supply 20 1 hr Contractor Fred $240.00 5.5 receive of second installment of payment 23 2 hrs Contractor Fred $480.00 5.6 Construction of the Shed 24 48 hrs Contractor Fred $11,520.00 6 Shed Installation 7.38 days $3,515.00 6.1 shed delivery 25 1 hr Contractor Fred $240.00 6.2 connecting the main powers 24 18 hrs Subcontractor Eddie( electrician) $900.00 6.3 connecting the water supply pipes 24 15 hrs Subcontractor Bob(Plumber) $750.00 6.4 Installation of a toilet in the shade 29 15 hrs Construction Workers, Subcontractor Bob(Plumber) $1,125.00 6.5 Installation of Windows 27 10 hrs Subcontractor Gary( Glazier) $500.00 7 Site clearance and project handover 3.38 days $6,720.00 7.1 Removal of rubbish and temporary amenities from the site 31 6 hrs Contractor Fred ,Team members $1,680.00 7.2 Project completion 33 0 days Contractor Fred $0.00 7.3 Drafting the final bill 34 2 hrs Contractor Fred $480.00 7.4 documenting the projects 35 2 hrs Contractor Fred $480.00 7.5 Resource release 36 5 hrs Contractor Fred $1,200.00 7.6 Payment completion 37 10 hrs Contractor Fred $2,400.00 7.7 Keys handover 38 2 hrs Contractor Fred $480.00 7.8 Client sign off 39 0 hrs Contractor Fred $0.00 8 Project ends 40 0 hrs $0.00 Table 1: The budget prepared for the Project (Source: Created by Author using MS Project) The work breakdown structure of the project is illustrated below- Figure 1: The work breakdown structure of the Project (Source: Generated by author using MS Schedule Pro) Figure 2: Representing the Gantt chart of the project (Source: Generated by author using MS Project) The work activities marked in red in the Gantt chart above depict the critical path of the project. The project is complex as the time available for the project is very less. A strategic planning is required for meeting all the requirements specified by Mr. Jones. A budget of $39,885 has been prepared that covers all the specification set by the Mr. Jones. The budget table specifies the tasks that are needed to be implemented for project development. The project team is small and therefore proper resource allocation is necessary. The budget table indicates the different resources allocated for the different tasks associated with the project. Bibliography Fewings, P., 2013.Construction project management: an integrated approach. Routledge. Joslin, R. and Mller, R., 2015. Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts.International Journal of Project Management,33(6), pp.1377-1392. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013.Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Meng, X., 2012. The effect of relationship management on project performance in construction.International journal of project management,30(2), pp.188-198. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

Human Population Impacts on Global Wildfire Emissions

Question: Explain about the Human Population Impacts on Global Wildfire Emissions. Answer: According to the question, the functional form used for the institution of the graph for all countries is best suited with the help of linear, exponential form in which two variables are concerned, one is dependent, and other is independent. Here, the dependent variable is Global Carbon Fossil Fuel Emissions (FF) taken in million metric tons carbon and independent variables taken are fossil fuel carbon emissions in different countries such as China, USA, India, Russia, Japan and Germany. However, to fit the best trend line, the dependent variable is converted to log form. The equation followed for the graph is Log Y = + 1X1 + 2X2 + 3X3 + 4X4 + 5X5 + 6X6 + Ɇº (Log - Linear Form: On Semilog axis) (Gujarati 2014). The results are carried out using Excel. The graph fitted is depicted in Figure 1. Figure 1 Fossil Fuel (FF)-based carbon emissions plot The problem illustrated to state that the there is slightest changes in Mauna Loa (land) values, but not much can be experienced in the seasonal variations of Antarctica as referring to values. However, the land has more carbon emissions than water body due to increased levels of greenhouse gasses (Muradov 2014, pp. 43-77). Figure 2 Seasonal Variations Of Mauna Loa According to the question, the results show an increasing rate of carbon emissions on Mauna Loa and Antarctica. The growth rates individually calculated show a fluctuating trend. Nevertheless, the trends were first calculated by averaging the yearly ppmv value and later the growth rate was computed. However, the fluctuation is shown on an increasing trend. The graph illustrating the trend is depicted in Figure 3. Figure 3 Atmospheric Growth Rate The carbon sinks for every year are computed by subtracting the sequestered land and ocean from the annual total of fossil fuel and land use of carbon emissions. The steps that are used for calculation are: The annual total (fossil fuel +land use) is changed to PPMV value from metric million tons. The total of Mauna Loa and Antarctica value is even totaled The total value (Mauna Loa and Antarctica) subtracted from the total annual value of carbon emissions. Later, the growth rate is calculated in percentage. Figure 4 depicts the graph of the growth rate, which depicts the weakening of carbon emissions that is creating a climate change. Figure 4 Weakening of Carbon Sink On the other part of the question, the results depicted on the hypothesis of the decadal means, the different means for both annual data and total of Mauna Loa and Antarctica is calculated. The results depicted can be shown in Table 1 Total (Antarctica and ML) Total Annual PPMV (Fossil + Land) Mean 695.5860934 2889.866323 Variance 1971.789643 556970.9355 Observations 52 52 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 51 t Stat -21.16460209 P(T=t) one-tail 3.23803E-27 t Critical one-tail 1.675284951 P(T=t) two-tail 6.47606E-27 t Critical two-tail 2.007583728 Table 1 Decadal Means The t value calculated shows the t statics to be insignificant as Antarctica, and Mauna Loa are a part of Total Annual Carbon Emissions data and does not influence in a sound pattern. However, though the p-value also states to be insignificant which states that there are huge differences in the variances of the two. If stated on decadal means, then the hypothesis is minimal, proves not to be aligned and does not support the average of the data. The various carbon emission scenarios are plotted in two different graphs in Figure 5 and Figure 6. Figure 5 Projected Emissions Figure 6 Corresponding CO2 Concentrations Discussions The global emissions since 50 years have been increasing due to the changes that are leading to increasing in greenhouse gasses and alterations of human activities both by the accumulation of fossil fuels for energy, transportation, industrial processes and land use changes. However, the global emissions are influencing the ability of natural sinks that are adding to the atmosphere with an increase in the industrial revolution. However, the CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are due to long and short term factors like changes in energy prices, technologies and seasonal temperatures. Largely, the transport emissions have been increased from 5% 1960 to 21% in 2011 (Muradov 2014, pp. 43-77). The mean magnitude of the carbon sinks depicts that the weakening growth rate of 50 years is 0.027%, which states that there is large variability if analyzed from year to year. The large change in the emissions is declining, and CO2 concentrations continue to increase because of expanding human population that continues to grow in urban areas and that is the reason for the change in climate pattern. However, the emissions will rise due to the risk of demographic change and CO2 fertilization leading to higher fuel loads continuity (Knorr, Jiang and Arneth 2016). Data Interpretation The current yearly increase is not steep for current periods due to rise in Mauna Loa of land use and fossil fuel emissions. However, the countries the countries that have lowered their carbon emissions are Germany and Russia followed by USA and Japan with the slightest change. Hence, these countries were part of Kyoto Protocol (Schnepf 2013). According to the CO2 interannual and decadal time, the emission is declining but the results from decadal times show less emissions from water than land use. However, according to the actual data, it showed a significant result. However, when analyzed on the robust growth, the fluctuations are long-term and continue to affect the growth per annual total of CO2 (land use and fossil fuel). The emissions scenario that has been more realistic one is the CO2 concentrations. According to the Figure 5 and 6, the stabilization process can be based on CO2 concentrations, which provides the ground for the basis for future projections. However, according to the projections, the emissions are projected to be higher in the future scenario. Nevertheless, the concentration level has increased since the 400ppmv concentrations of carbon on the different level of projections. References Gujarati, D., 2014.Econometrics by example. Palgrave Macmillan. Knorr, W., Jiang, L. and Arneth, A., 2016. Climate, CO 2 and human population impacts on global wildfire emissions.Biogeosciences,13(1), pp.267-282. Muradov, N., 2014. What Is So Unique About CO2?. InLiberating Energy from Carbon: Introduction to Decarbonization(pp. 43-77). Springer New York. Raupach, M.R., Gloor, M., Sarmiento, J.L., Canadell, J.G., Frlicher, T.L., Gasser, T., Houghton, R.A., Le Qur, C. and Trudinger, C.M., 2014. The declining uptake rate of atmospheric CO 2 by land and ocean sinks.Biogeosciences,11(13), pp.3453-3475. Schnepf, A., 2013. Soil carbon models used for Kyoto Protocol reporting.BELOWGROUND CARBON TURNOVER IN EUROPEAN FORESTS, p.12.

Phaedo Philosophy Is A Vast Field. It Examines And Probes Many Differe

Phaedo Philosophy is a vast field. It examines and probes many different fields. Virtue, morality, immortality, death, and the difference between the psyche (soul) and the soma (body) are just a few of the many different topics which can be covered under the umbrella of philosophy. Philosophers are supposed to be experts on all these subjects. The have well thought out opinions, and they are very learned people. Among the most revered philosophers of all time was Socrates. Living around the 5th century B.C., Socrates was among the first philosophers who wasn't a sophist, meaning that he never felt that he was wise for he was always in the pursuit of knowledge. Unfortunately, Socrates was put to death late in his life. One of his best students, Plato, however, recorded what had occurred on that last day of Socrates' life. On that last day of his life, Socrates made a quite powerful claim. He claimed that philosophy was merely practice for getting used to death and dying. At first, the connection between philosophy and death is not clear. However, as we unravel Socrates' argument backing up his claim, the statement makes a lot of sense. In order for Philosophers to examine their world accurately and learn the truth accurately, they must remove them selves of all distractions. These not only include physical distractions, but they include mental distractions and bodily distractions as well. Philosophers must get used to viewing and examining the world with out any senses. Senses merely hinder and obscure the truth. Sight for example can be fooled easily with optical illusions which occur normally in nature. Sound can be very distracting as well when a philosopher is trying to concentrate. All of these cloud the judgement, and must therefore be detached from the soul. Socrates argues that philosophers must view the world around them with their souls in order to accurately learn about it. However, by detaching their souls from all bodily functions, philosophers may as well be in an induced state of death. In mortem, the soul wanders free and there are no bodily hindrances. Socrates also believed that philosophers look upon death with good cheer and hope. This I find hard to believe because if this were true, the philosopher would not be able to love life, and without the love of life, there is no life to examine and learn about. It is understandable however from another point of view to understand why the philosopher would look forward to death with good cheer. Once the philosopher is dead, his soul is free to roam around without hindrances forever, and all the worlds secrets shall be revealed to him. In fact, Socrates' sees his death as a liberation from the shackles of life for his last wish was for Crito to sacrifice a rooster to Asclepius. This god was normally given sacrifices to free the sickly from the grips of a virus or illness. Perhaps Socrates saw the body as a sickness that fed upon the soul. If this were the case, then indeed Socrates would be happy to leave the bonds of life, for then he could have an eternity to seek out his answers, all without the diversions and distractions of a body. Socrates believed that it was this search that was important, even more so than the answers them selves. Socrates believed that the journey toward the answers is where most of the learning takes place, and it is this journey that truly integrates the answers as part of your very own being. --===-- Phaedo Philosophy Is A Vast Field. It Examines And Probes Many Differe Phaedo Philosophy is a vast field. It examines and probes many different fields. Virtue, morality, immortality, death, and the difference between the psyche (soul) and the soma (body) are just a few of the many different topics which can be covered under the umbrella of philosophy. Philosophers are supposed to be experts on all these subjects. The have well thought out opinions, and they are very learned people. Among the most revered philosophers of all time was Socrates. Living around the 5th century B.C., Socrates was among the first philosophers who wasn't a sophist, meaning that he never felt that he was wise for he was always in the pursuit of knowledge. Unfortunately, Socrates was put to death late in his life. One of his best students, Plato, however, recorded what had occurred on that last day of Socrates' life. On that last day of his life, Socrates made a quite powerful claim. He claimed that philosophy was merely practice for getting used to death and dying. At first, the connection between philosophy and death is not clear. However, as we unravel Socrates' argument backing up his claim, the statement makes a lot of sense. In order for Philosophers to examine their world accurately and learn the truth accurately, they must remove them selves of all distractions. These not only include physical distractions, but they include mental distractions and bodily distractions as well. Philosophers must get used to viewing and examining the world with out any senses. Senses merely hinder and obscure the truth. Sight for example can be fooled easily with optical illusions which occur normally in nature. Sound can be very distracting as well when a philosopher is trying to concentrate. All of these cloud the judgement, and must therefore be detached from the soul. Socrates argues that philosophers must view the world around them with their souls in order to accurately learn about it. However, by detaching their souls from all bodily functions, philosophers may as well be in an induced state of death. In mortem, the soul wanders free and there are no bodily hindrances. Socrates also believed that philosophers look upon death with good cheer and hope. This I find hard to believe because if this were true, the philosopher would not be able to love life, and without the love of life, there is no life to examine and learn about. It is understandable however from another point of view to understand why the philosopher would look forward to death with good cheer. Once the philosopher is dead, his soul is free to roam around without hindrances forever, and all the worlds secrets shall be revealed to him. In fact, Socrates' sees his death as a liberation from the shackles of life for his last wish was for Crito to sacrifice a rooster to Asclepius. This god was normally given sacrifices to free the sickly from the grips of a virus or illness. Perhaps Socrates saw the body as a sickness that fed upon the soul. If this were the case, then indeed Socrates would be happy to leave the bonds of life, for then he could have an eternity to seek out his answers, all without the diversions and distractions of a body. Socrates believed that it was this search that was important, even more so than the answers them selves. Socrates believed that the journey toward the answers is where most of the learning takes place, and it is this journey that truly integrates the answers as part of your very own being. --===--

Taking Multinational Corporate Codes of Conduct to the Next Level

Taking Multinational Corporate Codes of Conduct to the Next Level Free Online Research Papers Analysis of Essay in honor of Oscar Schachter: Taking Multinational Corporate Codes of Conduct to the Next Level† By: Sean D. Murphy The article Essay in honor of Oscar Schachter: Taking Multinational Corporate Codes of Conduct to the Next Level by Sean Murphy begins with an intricate analogy of the successes and influences of Oscar Schachter in the evolution of transnational law and how his expertise and prescience in Space Law, captures many issues that are at stake in our evolving international society. The author contrasts Schachter’s prescience of â€Å"the decline of the nation-state and the continuing emergence of new structures and norms to regulate transnational activities† in the field of space law, with the emerging legal concept of Multi-national Corporations (MNC) and their place within our international society. The article sheds light more specifically to codes of conducts that aim to constrain socially undesirable behaviour of MNC’s and how their role needs dire help from governments in the development and implementation of these codes from a humanistic perspective, whereby the focus would remain solely on helping corporation empower their autonomy with certain bounds of justice, fairness and equity. To understand this better Sean Murphy starts by first acquainting the reader with the various codes of conduct that have developed over the past 30 years and demonstrates how their voluntary basis of adoption and implementation has started to give signs of long-term failure. He then continues by suggesting new approaches of thinking about these codes and how these methods might aid in rending these codes more effective. As the realist conception of the nation state as an absolute sovereign entity declines, the author admits that codes of conduct relating to labour, the environment and human rights issues, thus codes of public welfare, are needed to prevent harm that might result in MNC’s operations. He believes that MNC’s are governed by economical goals and are mostly concerned with profit maximization and may not take into their profit maximizing equation the welfare of the environment nor individuals, which might even sometimes stand in the way to this goal. Corporations are thus more attracted to codes of socially desirable behaviour that are self-applied and have minimum government interference so as to be able to navigate freely in their operations with almost no restrictions. The codes that are normally called upon by MNC’s are usually very general in scope and have almost no legal repercussions if they are not adhered to. Sean Murphy does acknowledge that MNC’s do create benefits such as enhanced wealth in certain countries and job creations, but he quickly gets back to his main argument, that he so diplomatically pursues, that MNC’s are rather opportunistic in their functioning and that they seek the best interest of the almighty dollar first and foremost and do sometimes take advantage of weak legal structures and low environmental and labour standards; â€Å"while MNC’s have emerged and thrived from the establishment of strong developed-state economies that are based on democracy, the rule of law, and independent judiciaries, some MNC’s take advantage of the absences of such conditions in developing countries†. Selected codes of conducts and their criticism: The author defines codes of conduct objectives as â€Å"to prevent harm or mistreatment of persons or things caused by MNC operations†. They are created to implement social progress that could have a symbiotic relationship with the economical goals of corporations. He names various attempts to create guidelines for MNC’s to obey by (see below) and details the objectives of each of them, but concludes after explaining their goals and functions that none the principles and drafts were able to work in a successful fashion. Although they do serve as a positive stepping stone to a better social behaviour on the part of MNC’s there is still a huge lack of implementation and legal repercussions that remains to be addressed and without them the effectiveness of such efforts is bound to fail. As a result, Murphy suggest that what is needed to work must be met in between strict state law regulations and voluntary based codes of conduct in order to have functional MNC c odes of conduct. UN Draft Code of Conduct for Transnational Corporations: Developed in 1972, by the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) it compromised 4 parts: 1) activities of MNC’s 2) Treatment of MNC’s 3) Intergovernmental corporations 4) implementations of the codes. The code never had the chance to see light, as there was a strong resistance from developing countries as to it being a form of ‘economic neo-colonization’ and thus only served as a blueprint for the codes to come. 1977 ILO Tripartite Declaration of Principles: Developed by the International Labour Organization to promote codes of conduct that would â€Å"promote equal opportunity, security, and collective bargaining in employment, and policies that preclude arbitrary dismissal, strike-breaking, and other unfair practices†. Its efficiency is rather debated because of its lack of institutional support. 2003 UN Sub-Commission on Human Rights Code on TNC’s: Its main goal is to provide Corporations with codes of conduct that would provide a socially responsible behaviour. This code of conduct tries to be more strict by projecting codes as more of an obligation upon MNC’s but as the previous one’s fails to do so because of its lack of legal repercussions. OECD Guidelines for MNE’s: Developed for a smaller number of countries (OECD countries) and serves as guidelines for MNE’s socially responsible conduct, including taxation, financing and information disclosure. The OECD guidelines are considered one of the more successful codes of conduct up to date, and such success is often attributed to the similarity of values and of historic and traditional affinity of all the OECD countries. The 1999 UN Global Compact: Draw upon previous drafts of codes of conduct to â€Å"stimulate change and to promote good corporate citizenship and encourage innovative solutions and partnerships†. It is voluntary based and is criticized for its lack of legal repercussions and as such corporations may use it simply as to glorify their tainted image in the eyes of civil society. Codes developed within private sector: The author gives the Environmental management system (EMS) and International Organisation for standardisation (ISO) as non-governmental based institutions that help in promoting more socially responsible behaviour. It does not have specific standards that must be met by MNC’s but rather postulates weak guidelines that would be beneficial for MNC’s to follow to be more environmentally friendly. Codes focused on certain industries: Companies that have huge impacts on societies in which they operate, such as the oil industry, have developed a set of codes to obey by. Having the power to influence the well-being around them, oil companies are constantly under the scrutnious eye of civil society and must thus be extremely careful of their actions in pursuing their goals. In December 2000, the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights were created by governments and certain extractive and energy sectors. New Approaches: Sean Murphy suggests in his article a series of broad guidelines that should be implemented by governments as to help attain a more positive goal in socially responsible behaviour by MNC’s. Instead of giving recommendations to MNC’s directly he calls upon the governments to give MNC’s more incentive to apply and adhere to codes of conducts that already exist. Murphy explains that a strict ‘big brother’ model of implementing rules would not work thus a more subtle way, still voluntary on the MNC’s part, must come into play. The scheme he suggest to governments is to give incentives to MNC’s to first and foremost join the various codes of conducts. Suggestions to do so entails: getting stakeholders together to have more say in particular problems, Setting a code for codes to provide a quality control template that would reduce the likelihood of sham MNC codes, leniency form regulators and favourable treatment to MNC’s that do joi n and adhere to codes, Leniency in Criminal Prosecution and to civil claims that tries to give lesser punishment to MNC’s that join socially responsible codes of conduct even if violation occurs and government procurement and financing to MNC’s that join and adhere to codes of conduct. The author also suggest subtle changes, that would need to be strictly promoted by governments, to the MNC’s functioning to facilitate the adherence to the codes of conduct: 1) to promote transparency as to inform shareholders and help them make more socially responsible decisions 2) Promote truth in advertising , thus once again making it easier for civil society and shareholders to make more socially responsible choices 3) promoting oversight processes such as internal or external monitoring, verification, audits, or certification. The author addresses issues that are of pressing matter in our present society. We can see that there is more and more concern for the unethical behaviour of corporation through street protests and even the rise of infrastructures that pertain solely to promote corporate social responsibility. Murphy’s article was very clear in explaining as to why governments must take a greater role in promoting socially responsible codes of conduct. His explanation and suggestions on how one might go about to create change to better the present condition of MNC behaviour were on the other hand a bit more generalist in scope but it seems like it might just be inevitable to have broad guidelines as the next stepping stone towards a more socially responsible MNC. Research Papers on Taking Multinational Corporate Codes of Conduct to the Next Level19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementPETSTEL analysis of IndiaOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfDefinition of Export QuotasComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Project Managment Office SystemBringing Democracy to Africa

An Information Technology System For a School Essay Example for Free

An Information Technology System For a School Essay To aid in investigation of the problem, two interviews were carried out. One was with the school principal, and the other with the school administrator. In preparation of the interviews a list of topics for discussion was drawn up, and included these checkpoints: * What the new system hopes to achieve, exactly. * The problems in the current system. * The methods currently employed to input data into the system. * The information that is required per file, i.e., for each student what fields will have to be input. * The format of the required output. * The volume of data expected, e.g., how many students are expected to enroll, or how many new teachers will be required. * Any hardware or software constraints, such as the new system only being able to run with a particular operating system. This interview was with the school’s principal, Mrs. Monica Stakich. It took place in her office, on appointment, and was as follows: Q: Mrs. Stakich, your school has built up quite a reputation of excellence over the years as shown by its grades. How do you intend to maintain this? A: Well, the school has always prided itself on its academic achievements, and this is due to our students being dedicated in their studies, which shows itself in the superior grades. We will be fine if we can continue this trend. Q: You are shifting to new custom-built premises and are also expanding your range of activities offered. Why have you made this decision? A: We are changing our status to an authorized ‘A’ level Center. As such, we will need the appropriate facilities to meet the requirements for this standard. Also, the school expects a significant increase in enrolments at both ‘O’ and ‘A’ Levels, so the space is needed to provide for these new students. Q: How many students do you currently have in your institution? And how many do you expect to enroll in the future? A: The school currently caters to a population of around 2500 students, but we expect an influx of around 1000 students next year. Q: How do you access a file of a student or a teacher? Do you find it yourself on your computer or does the secretary do it for you? A: I can access files of both students and customers from my own PC, as well as any other file, such as stationery, electricity bills, etc. But I must also focus more on the task of running the school itself, so I usually let my secretary handle all the files. She herself gets these files from the school system administrator. I only check a file myself if we need to consider carefully the person, or file in question, for example a teacher for an important position. Q: Thank you very much for your time, Mrs. Stakich. The interview, on analysis, showed the school to be result-driven, as indicated by the Headmistress’s comments. But more importantly, it also showed that she did not focus on the file input and retrieval system in particular herself, and on the school’s information system in general. The actual file control and handling was carried out by the system administrator, who could provide us with insight of the current system’s workings. An interview was arranged with Mr. Mark Glasse, the system administrator, in his office. Q: How long have you been working here, Mr. Glasse? A: Its been around four years since I started wok for the school. Q: How many times has the system been updated since you started work? Q: What changes had been made during these updates? A: Well, once we had to increase our disk space to around 10 GB to cope with increased student information on Health Cards, as was required by a new Government law. Another time we had to modify our input procedure, it being too manual, with almost unnecessary paperwork involved, so we had to purchase new input devices. And there was also the time when we had to call in a professional security company to install anti-hacking programs when our database was actually hacked into. Q: What input devices do you work with? How is output shown? A: I use a keyboard, a mouse, a web-camera and a scanner as input devices. Output is displayed on a monitor, or on a plotter as is appropriate. And, of course, I often have to print out some files using a laser printer. A: I use a Pentium 2, 333 MHz Processor, with 32 MB RAM, 4 GB hard disk with Windows 98 as my operating system. I also have other software such as MS Visual Studio and MS Office 2000 installed on my computer. Q: Mr. Glasse, what is the general procedure that you follow if you were asked to, for example, update a file? A: First of all, I would have to get an approved notice from someone in an authoritative position, for example the Headmistress, or the Head Administrator. This note would be attached to a Modification Form showing details of the file that needs to be updated. The authorization slip has to be filed into a drawer in my desk, and I just have to access the file using the code given on the Form and change the required fields. I have the Menu on my Desktop, Mrs. Stakich and I are the only ones who know the Password so I’ve never thought about changing it, once in the records I go to the Search Command to call up the file in question, and make the changes required. On exiting the database, I go have to fill out another form, a Proof Form, as it is known as, to acknowledge my action. This form then returns to the top-level to the individual who initially authorized it. Q: How often do errors occur using this procedure? A: As you can see, the system is designed in such a way that carrying out the procedure makes it prone to errors. We’re still lucky to have a few students and teachers, basically small files is what I mean to say, which do not have to be updated too often, so they aren’t too many mistakes. Even if there are, they can easily be located and corrected due to the small size of our database. Q: OK, now what about the plus points of this system? For example, is it easy to use? Is it efficient? Do you feel that you yourself are performing at an optimum level with this system? A: Ill have to think this question over. Yes, for sure it is easy to use. I just have to type in an identifier code for each record, and the particular record is searched for and displayed. Its that simple. I don’t think its efficient though. As the number of files increases the system takes longer and longer to search the database to produce the results I was looking for. It only follows that I myself feel I am under-performing at my job, as some time will definitely be wasted in waiting for results. Q: Are you satisfied with the system performing only these functions? A: Yes, I am. I would like it to be faster though, and even up-to-date, technologically speaking. Q: Thank you, Mr. Glasse, for your cooperation. You’ve been a great help. This interview was more enlightening than the one with Mrs. Stakich, for we were able to focus on the technical side of the school’s database system. Certain glaring shortcomings of the current system came to light, such as a very limited database size, as indicated by the system being upgraded the first time. This further tells us that the system itself, with all its components, is out-of-date. In such a state, it may also be incompatible with other systems, should it be desired to connect to these for data exchange purposes. Another significant weakness is the fact that the third upgrade was for security reasons, which means that the Password Protection was initially low. Mr. Glasse also said that it takes longer to search for a required field if there are many records – this is only fair, but there aren’t too many records right now, so we can expect the system to have some sort of linear search function in operation, unsuitable for large databases. The program, although performing just a few main functions, is slow, again pointing to its near obsoleteness. Its low productivity has an effect on the human element involved, as Mr. Glasse himself feels as if he has not fully achieved his full potential. Lack of motivation could cause further falls in productivity. The system also has standard input devices (mouse and keyboard), as well as standard output devices (printer, scanner and plotter), needed to process data and produce the desired results. The system also runs on a fairly fast processor, as given by the computer’s configuration. However it is unlikely that the system uses any of the other software packages (apart from the Wi ndows 98 operating system) so these, as powerful as they are, aren’t being utilized. Based on the knowledge gained in these interviews, it is possible to finalize the main shortcomings of the system currently in use: The disk space used for storage of data is relatively small as it needed to be upgraded beforehand. With all the new enrolments expected, as well as other related increases, such as electricity and water, teachers’ salaries, etc the available disk space will not be sufficient. Security forms an important part of any system, and the fact that the database was hacked into shows just how weak security really is. The password used seems to be outdated and it is likely that people other than those authorized know it. Laxed security is especially important here as we are dealing with the personal records of students and teachers, not to mention important transactions such as total fees received, expenses, and so on. So security, despite being of paramount importance, isn’t given the priority it should be. The normal procedure to accomplish a single task is lengthy and time-consuming. It also involves unnecessary paperwork. This would exhibit itself as delays in processing, as a single instruction would have to be passed through many stages before being received by the sender once again as feedback. As seen from the interview, Mr. Glasse uses a relatively fast processor. Despite this speed, we still find that the speed of running the system is slow especially when new records are added. This means that the components of the system itself are slow and outdated. This weakness especially comes into focus when we consider the fact that nowadays systems are rarely independent. One system has to be connected to at least one more system, with data exchange taking place between these. However, if their speeds are not compatible they will not be able to function at their optimum level. If the system were to exchange information over the Internet then this incompatibility could become a problem. 1) To provide quick access to the files in the database. Many files will now be in the system and it is necessary that they be reached quickly. 2) To maintain a higher level of security. This ensures that the database is viewed and controlled only by those who have the proper authority to do so. 3) To minimize ‘red tape’ involved in making changes to the records. The previous system involved a lot of paperwork and proved to be costly in terms of time (therefore money), so this new system aims to reduce that by quickly and efficiently processing an instruction. 4) To be user-friendly. Step-by-step guidance ensures that the user can easily find his way around the database to perform the desired task. A Flowchart of how data would be passed along the new system is as follows: Standard input devices, such as a mouse, a keyboard, a scanner and a web-camera will be needed for this system to operate (the mouse and keyboard are the main ones, the others for inputting photos and such graphics). Output devices will be plotters and printers. Hardware: The CPU requirement for this system include at least 100 MHz Pentium processor and 16 MB RAM. Software: It is necessary to have an operating system such as Windows 98 as well as MS Visual Basic program installed, as this is the front-end program to be used for this system, with Access 7.0 being the back-end program. The user will be Mr. Glasse, and his computer already exceeds the requirements for this system to function efficiently. His IT skills will also be relevant: since he already has MS Office 97 installed he will already know the basics behind Access 7.0 and should find no problem in entering the data. It must be remembered that the system to be developed is intended to replace the outdated system in current use. The current system is slow, inefficient and incompatible. Its replacement will be better than it in all these respects, and should bring the database up to the level of technology today. An Information Technology System For a School. (2017, Jul 30). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you